Evaluation of bone fracture in animal model using bio-electrical impedance analysis

Bone is a very strong, rigid protective organ of the animals which includes humans as well. They are found in different shapes and forms having complex internal and external structures. They are of prime importance as they provide the major locomotory structural and supportive elements to the animals. Bone fracture is very common occurrence these days due to different accidents and injuries. In clinical practice, generally doctors used to visually inspect X-ray images to determine the precise nature of fractures. The X-ray radiation exposure (particularly for multiple examinations) is unsafe and not good for health, and it is costly as well. This paper presents a simple and non-invasive technique of impedance measurement for detecting the bone fracture and for monitoring the bone fracture healing. The animal bone specimen (in this case buffalo) was obtained from local meat shop. The animal bone specimen was properly cleaned and wiped with cotton muslin cloth. The electrical impedance was measured by placing Ag–AgCl electrode on bone sample. The Ag–AgCl electrode pairs were connected to two channel BIOPAC system with MP 45 data acquisition unit. During the experiments, the bone fractures were manually produced. Different variations were observed in impedance values of normal, partially fractured and fully fractured bone. Based on experiment with animal bone, it was demonstrated that how the Electrical Impedance measurement by BIOPAC system can be used to assess the bone fracture and for monitoring the bone fracture healing in a non-invasive way. The changes in the electrical impedance of bone can act as a biomarker for monitoring bone fracture healing. Impedance of fractured bone and normal bone notify the healing of bone