<p>This article describes the background of the rise of an Indonesian moderate Islamic understanding in the midst of a trans-national Islamic movement with the scriptural-puritanical in it’s character which spread out pervasively in the country; and this new Islamic model is intolerant to local traditions. Meanwhile, historically, <em>Islam Nusantara</em> has been deeply rooted among the Moslems in archipelago, and this traditional-moderate Islam has been developed by <em>Wali-songo</em>.<em> Islam Nusantara</em> is accommodative to the local cultures and traditions. It produces a moderate and tolerant model of Islam. This article also describes the role of <em>p</em><em>esantren </em>in protecting the heritages of <em>Islam Nusantara</em>...