Reference object for evaluating the accuracy of porosity measurements by X-ray computed tomography

Internal defects such as voids and porosity directly influence mechanical properties, durability, service life and other characteristics of industrial parts. There are several non-destructive and destructive methods for defects detection and evaluation. Recently, X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) has emerged as an effective tool for geometrical characterization of internal defects. 3D information about internal voids/porosity extracted from CT datasets can be utilized in many applications, such as production processes optimization and quality control. However, there are still challenges in using CT as a traceable method for internal voids dimensional measurements. In order to enhance the accuracy and reliability of CT porosity measurements, a metrological validation method is required. This study presents the application of a new reference object for accuracy evaluation of CT porosity measurements and discusses results obtained by using it. The reference object is made of aluminium and is composed of a cylindrical body and four cylindrical inserts with micro-milled hemispherical features of calibrated sizes resembling artificial flaws. The accuracy of porosity measurements is evaluated according to various characteristics (diameters and depths measurements errors) and repeatability of measurements. Design of experiments technique is used to investigate the influence of CT parameters settings on porosity measurement accuracy