Numerical reproduction of hemodynamics change by acupuncture on Taichong (LR-3) based on the lumped-parameter approximation model of the systemic arteries

Background: The aim of this study was to develop a mathematical model of blood flow in the systemic circulation to emulate the change in hemodynamics by acupuncture therapy to elucidate the mechanism of the therapy. For this purpose, as a first step, a simple model of arterial blood flow was presented to reproduce previously reported change in the blood flow volume by the acupuncture needle stimulation of Taichong (LR-3). Methods: This model was based on the lumped-parameter approximation of arterial blood flow together with linear resistance of peripheral circulation. It has been reported that blood flow in the left arm was enhanced after the stimulation, yielding the peripheral vascular resistance-regulated blood flow dominated by the sympathetic nervous system. In addition to the peripheral resistance, another parameter that possibly regulates the blood flow is the cross-sectional area of the vessel. These two factors were changed to numerically examine their contributions to the blood flow based on the hypothesis that they could be changed by the stimulation. The numerical result was compared with the experimental result to confirm the validity of the hypothesis that the blood flow in the arm is regulated by the peripheral resistance. Results: This model is extremely simple and the physical parameters introduced for the simulation were gleaned from different reports in the literature. It was demonstrated, however, that regulation of the peripheral resistance rather than of the cross-sectional area could reproduce the experimentally observed change in the blood flow. Moreover, the relationship between the changes in the flow volume and the systemic vascular resistance quantitatively matched the experimental data. Conclusion: The present model has a potential to emulate hemodynamic change by acupuncture therapy by incorporating physiological correlation of stimulation of an acupoint and regulation of parameters that affect the hemodynamics