Multiresistance of Bacteria to Veterinary Antibiotics in Dung and Manure Samples of Farm Animals

Antibiotics are used in animal husbandry for treating and preventing diseases and as growth stimulators. Being disposed in the environment with dung and manure, they contribute to the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and resistance genes. In this study, the level of contamination of cattle manure and poultry dung by genes resistant to tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and macrolides (erythromycin) has been investigated based on 19 samples. The polymerase chain reaction with specific primers for tet(X), sul1, and ereA genes has been used to reveal the resistance genes. It has been found that 18 samples contained genes encoding for the resistance to antibiotics. Furthermore, four samples have turned out to be simultaneously contaminated by all three genes. It has been revealed that gene tet(X) encoding tetracycline resistance is the most abundant one