A parallel fictitious domain method for the interface-resolved simulation of particle-laden flows and its application to the turbulent channel flow

A parallel direct-forcing (DF) fictitious domain (FD) method for the simulation of particulate flows is reported in this paper. The parallel computing strategies for the solution of flow fields and particularly the distributed Lagrange multiplier are presented, and the high efficiency of the parallel code is demonstrated. The new code is then applied to study the effects of particle density (or particle inertia) on the turbulent channel flow. The results show that the large-scale vortices are weakened more severely, and the flow friction drag increases first and then reduces, as particle inertia is increased