Studying the effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on prostate-related parameters: A prospective single institutional study

Background: To examine the effects of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) on the variables associated with prostatic growth including serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), serum testosterone, and prostate volume, and to correlate these variables with the duration of diabetes treatment. Methods: Our study was conducted over 3 months recruiting 501 men aged≥55 years; of whom 207 had type 2 DM. Exclusion criteria were active urinary tract infection, suspicious rectal examination, urologic cancer, end-organ damage, and recent urological manipulations. Serum PSA and serum testosterone were measured. Prostate volume was determined by abdominal ultrasonography using an ellipsoid formula. Results: The mean patient age was 60.21±5.95 years. The mean PSA, testosterone, and prostate volume for diabetic men were 2.3 ng/mL, 3 ng/mL, and 56 g, respectively. The corresponding values for nondiabetic men were 3.5 ng/mL, 4 ng/mL, and 51 g, respectively (P=0.001, P=0.001, P=0.03, respectively). The mean PSA density was 0.049±0.043 ng/mL/cm3 in diabetics versus 0.080±0.056 ng/mL/cm3 in non-diabetics (P