Šiaurinių širvintiškių daiktavardžio kamienai ir jų hierarchija

<p><strong>NOUN STEMS AND THEIR HIERARCHY IN THE NORTHERN </strong><strong>ŠIRVINTIŠKIAI </strong><strong>SUBDIALECT</strong></p><p><em>Summary</em></p><p>In the Northern Širvintiškiai subdialect, a noun stem is treated as independent if it differs from other stems in at least the ending of one case form. With regard to this condition, the <em>i </em>stem and the consonant stem are subdivided into the masculine and feminine gender stems. In the subdialect, tradi­tional stems have been better retained in nouns having mobile stress. Due to shortening of unstressed long vowels, partial stress retraction and other reasons, barytone nouns have deviated to a great extent from the primary paradigms.</p><p>In the Northern Širvintiškiai subdialect, the number of noun stems is lower than that in standard Lithuanian and in the majority of its dialects, as <em>i̯u</em>, <em>i̯a₁</em> and <em>i̯a₂</em> stem nouns are inflected in a totally homogeneous way, i. e. according to the i̯a₂<strong> </strong>stem implicative model. Nouns of mobile stress have <em>a</em>, <em>i̯a₂</em>, <em>u</em>, <em>ā</em>,<em> </em><em>i̯</em><em>ā</em>, <em>ē</em>, <em>i_m</em>, <em>i_f</em><strong>, </strong><em>C_m </em>and <em>C_f </em>stems. Barytone stress nouns only have six stems, i. e. <em>a</em>, <em>i̯a₂</em>, <em>u</em>, <em>ā</em>, <em>ē</em>, and <em>i_f </em>stems. The <em>i̯</em><em>ā </em>stem has coincided with the ē stem. Meanwhile, the i_m<strong>, </strong><em>C_m </em>and <em>C_f </em>stems are not found in words with barytone stress.</p><p>Hierarchic stem grouping “trees” that are produced using three methods (the maximum, minimum and average methods) indicate existence of three different types of noun declension: the masculine model (embracing the <em>a</em>, <em>i̯a₂</em> and <em>u </em>stems), the feminine model (the <em>ā</em> and <em>i̯</em><em>ā </em>stems) and the mixed model (the <em>i_m</em>, <em>i_f</em><strong>, </strong><em>C_m </em>and <em>C_f </em>stems). The <em>ē</em> stem is isolated: it embraces feminine gender nouns, yet according to declension there is a tendency towards the mixed declension type to a slightly greater extent.</p><p>The <em>a</em>, <em>i̯a₂</em><strong>, </strong><em>ā</em>, <em>i̯</em><em>ā</em> and <em>ē</em> stems are stable. They do not decline or rarely decline from their implicative models, and have no additional (complementary) paradigms. They are all (except for the <em>i̯</em><em>ā </em>stem) highly productive, open, constantly enriched with words from standard Lithuanian, other dialects and languages, and also with words having unstable stems. Unstable stems are as follows: <em>u</em>, <em>i_m</em>, <em>i_f</em><strong>, </strong><em>C_m </em>and <em>C_f</em>.They are unproductive, and often have complementary paradigms and lose part of words belonging to them.