Induced hemocompatibility and bone formation as biological scaffold for cell therapy implant

Although stem cells can become almost any type of specialized cell in the human body and may have the potential to generate replacement cells for tissues and organs, the transplantation of these cells are hindered by immune rejection and teratoma formation. However, scientists have found a promising solution for these problems-they have discovered the ability to isolate stem cells from a patient’s umbilical cord blood or bone marrow. Even more recently, small stem cells, such as spore-like stem cells, Blastomere-Like Stem Cells (BLSCs), and Very-Small Embryonic-Like stem cells (VSELs) isolated directly from the peripheral blood have beeninvestigated as a novel approach to stem cell therapy as they can be isolated directly from the peripheral blood. A newly-discovered population of multipotent stem cells in this class has been dubbed StemBios (SB) cells. The potential therapeutic uses of such stem cells have been explored in many ways, one of which includes dental remodeling and construction. Using adult stem cells, scientists have engineered and cultivated teeth in mice that may one day be used for human implantation.It follows that such regeneration may be possible, to a certain degree, in human patients as well. This idea leads to the present study on the effect of SB cell therapy on early osseointegrationof dental implants. Titanium (Ti) dental implants have been proven to be a reliable and predictable treatment for restoration of edentulous regions. The osseointegration process can be described in two stages: primary stability (mechanical stability) and secondary stability (biological stability). The mechanical stabilization of the implant reflects the interaction between the bone density and the features of the implant designs and can be determined after implant insertion. Alternatively,the biological stabilization of the implant is a physiologic healing process. It is couple to the biological interaction between the external surface of the implant and the surgically created bleeding site. In general, successful implant integration is associated with a series of patient-dependent (i.e., bone volume and quality) and procedure-related parameters (i.e., type of implant, type of surgical procedure). The surface characteristics of implants play important roles in the enhancement of osseointegration. Surface modified implants, which were accomplished by roughness or by altering the chemical composition, boosted proper biologic interactions with the implants and eventual accelerate osseointegration. Recently, much attention has been focused on the hybrid topography consisting of micropits and nanoporous TiO2 layers produced via electrochemical oxidation to mimic the natural bony environment. Electrochemical oxidation resulted in increased wettability and altered chemical composition of the standard SLA surfaces. Such hybrid micro-/nanostructures have proven to increase hydroxyapatite formation in vitro, to enhance the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts, and to improve local factor production. While the in vitro studies noted above suggest that significant advantages exist for hybrid micro-/nanostructural Ti implants. Clinical trialscomprehensively examining these hybrid micro-/nanostructural Ti implants have not been published. Implant stability is the primary criterion for achieving the clinical success of restoration, which can be identified via invasive and noninvasive techniques. Resonance Frequency Analysis (RFA), a non-invasive and non-destructive quantitative measurement, has long been used to measure fluctuation in dental implant stability over time for clinical assessing implant integration. By this way, implant stability can bequantified by reading an implant stability quotient value (ISQ) using the Ossetell®. The present study was to examine the early osseo integration efficacy for SLAffinity-treated implants when combined with SB celltherapy. The morphologies of SLAffinity-treated surfaces were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. For ensuring success of dental implant treatment, one must examine the magnitude and location of the maximum stresses. Stress analysis models were constructed from computer tomography data.In the clinical trial, eleven patients were enrolled. Each patient received one SLAffinity-treated implant in the posterior area of their mandible. Of these eleven patients, onereceived SB celltherapy in addition to their SLAffinity-treated implant. Resonance Frequency Analysis (RFA) and Computed Tomography (CT) were assessed at time points of 1 month, 2 months, and 4 months after the implant placement. The results showed that SB celltherapy significantly affected the early osseointegration of the implant. They indicated that the stresses weretransferred more uniformlyin implantsthat recieved SB celltherapy, and that the stresses decreased at a faster rate. SLAffinity-treated implants, as a standalone, were also proved to be clinically successful through the 4 month period. The SLAffinity treatments enhanced osseointegration significantly, especially at early stages of bone tissue healing when combined with SB celltherapy