Outcomes of acute kidney injury in children at Muhammad Husin Hospital, Palembang

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common problem in hospitalized pediatric patients, with effects on morbidity and mortality. Objectives To assess for the incidence and common etiologies of AKI, as well as to review factors that affect patient outcomes at Muhammad Husin Hospital, Palembang. Methods We reviewed data from our nephrology registry from January 2010 to June 2013. Independent variables were age, stage and etiology of AKI, requirement of renal replacement therapy (RRT) , and PICU admission. The dependent variable was patient outcomes, categorized as survived or died. Association between clinical data and outcomes were analyzed by Chi-square test. Results The incidence of AKI was 28.3%. Using the pediatric risk, injury, failure, loss, end stage renal disease (pRIFLE) criteria, 65 (36.7%) patients were in the risk stage, 56 (31.6%) in the injury stage, and 56 (31.6%) in the failure stage. Twelve (6.8%) patients required RRT and 29 (16.4%) patients were admitted to the PIW. The mortality rate from AKI was 20.9%. The common etiologies of AKI were acute glomerulonephritis (55 subjects; 31.1 % ), multiple organ dysfunction (24 subjects; 13.6%), dehydration (23 subjects; 13.0%), hypoalbuminemia (20 subjects; 11.3%), heart failure (11 subjects; 6.2%) and nephrotoxic agents (12 subjects; 6.8%) . The mortality rate was significantly higher in children of younger age (