Genetic diversity issues in animal populations in the genomic era

Genetic diversity is the set of differences between species, breeds within species, and individuals within breeds present in their DNA or observed in animals as a consequence. Nowadays, genetic diversity can be measured directly on the DNA itself and it accurately presents the genetic variations between breeds, within breeds, and within half- and full-sib groups. The existence of genetic diversity is a prerequisite for natural selection directed to adaptation and articial selection directed to improved performance. Genetic diversity measured at DNA-level can be used for a description of the genetic history of the breed, for genomic selection, for the management of genetic diversity in populations and in genebanks, for the introgression of desired traits and for the elimination of genetic defects. Genomic management becomes an important tool in breeding programmes for livestock and companion animals in large as well as in small populations