Impacts of Atmospheric Anthropogenic Nitrogen on the Open Ocean

Increasing quantities of atmospheric anthropogenic fixed nitrogen entering the open ocean could account for up to about a third of the ocean's external (nonrecycled) nitrogen supply and up to �3% of the annual new marine biological production, �0.3 petagram of carbon per year. This input could account for the production of up to �1.6 teragrams of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) per year. Although �10% of the ocean's drawdown of atmospheric anthropogenic carbon dioxide may result from this atmospheric nitrogen fertilization, leading to a decrease in radiative forcing, up to about two-thirds of this amount may be offset by the increase in N 2 O emissions. The effects of increasing atmospheric nitrogen deposition are expected to continue to grow in the future.