Third mission: university spin-offs in Italy amidst opportunities and problems

This contribution investigates and discusses the distribution of spin-off businesses activated in the public universities, colleges and polytechnics at national level in relation to operational areas, with attention focused on civil engineering and architecture. The framework of reference for the spin-offs, one of the instruments of the third mission (1), has been reconstructed by processing the data made available by the National Agency for the Evaluation of the University System and Research and the indications of the X Netval Report on the Development of Italian Public Research. For university structures with spin-offs related to the areas of civil engineering and architecture, the data have been updated through information from web portals and direct inquiry