ACE gene polymorphism in breast cancer patients of ethnic Kashmiri population

Background: The mitogenic and angiogenic effect of angiotensin II has been shown in breast cancer. Angiotensin II is converted from its inactive form to active form by the angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE). Materials and Methods: To evaluate the effect of ACE gene in breast cancer patients and its effect on healthy control subjects, we studied 130 breast cancer patients and 220 healthy controls. Results: During our study, we found, the ACE genotype distribution in breast cancer patients were as follows: 62 (47.6%) had Deletion (DD), 43 (33.07%) had ID, and 25 (19.23%) had II (Insertion) genotypes, whereas in controls, 96 (43.63%) had DD, 107 (48.63%) had ID, and 25 (7.7%) had II genotypes. Conclusion: We conclude that our results implicate that ACE level/activity has been suggested to be protective against breast cancer, and therefore renin-angiotensin system may serve as a curative target for breast cancer detection, treatment, and prevention. Impact: Our study is the first report from India on Kashmiri population, suggesting that ACE activity can be a protective tool against breast cancer