Laser surface modification of Ti alloys

The laser surface engineering of titanium alloys has been developed over the past 30 years to produce a modified layer up to 1mm depth, thicker than alternative techniques. CW C02 lasers have been the main lasers used for both surface cladding and alloying. Much of the early work was based on laser nitriding forming titanium nitrides throughout the molten pool. Subsequent alloying developments have included the incorporation of carbides, nitrides, oxides and silicides, and also intermetallics and rare earths, added as powders. Laser processing can now tailor surfaces with superior tribological and erosion resistant properties compared to the untreated titanium alloys