Thermal lensing, thermal management and transverse mode control in microchip VECSELs
- Kemp, A.
- MacLean, A.J.
- Hastie, J.E.
- Smith, S.A.
- Hopkins, J.M.
- Calvez, S.
- Valentine, G.J.
- Dawson, M.D.
- Burns, D.
DOIAbstract
Finite-element analysis is used to explore the practicalities and power-scaling potential of quasi-monolithic microchip vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers: thermal lensing and its implications for transverse mode control are emphasised. A comparison is made between the use of sapphire and diamond heat spreaders. The experimental characterisation of an InGaAs/sapphire microchip VECSEL is presented as an exemplar system and the factors affecting slope efficiency, threshold and output power roll-over are examined. By comparing experimental measurements with the finite-element model, the key role of thermal lensing in transverse mode control is demonstrated
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