Application Of Advanced Oxidation Process For Bleaching Textile Materials

This study discusses the application of ozone to bleach raw cotton fabric using both laboratory scale set up and pilot plant. The quality of ozone bleached fabric was determined in terms of CIE whiteness, absorbency, degree of polymerisation (DP), copper number (CN) and tendering factor (TF) with regard to the conventionally bleached fabric (reference material). The application of ozonation process was also extended for color stripping of dyed cotton fabric at laboratory scale. The efficiency of ozone stripping process was measured in terms of lightness (L*), lightness difference (ÄL*) and total color difference (ÄE*) with respect to reference (conventionally stripped fabric samples).In case of laboratory scale application of ozone bleaching process, the maximum CIE whiteness (60-62) and best quality of bleached fabric was obtained at an ozone dose of 6 g/h, pH 5 and exposure time of 45 min. Strong acidic environment (pH 2-3) and exposure time longer than 45 min though marginally improved the degree of whiteness but deteriorated the quality of the fabric as indicated by higher copper number (0.19) and TF (0.94). Statistical analysis of experimental data confirmed that process parameters (ozone dose, pH and treatment time) significantly affected the efficiency of ozone bleaching process and pH had the greatest effect on whiteness and DP of bleached fabric followed in turn by ozone dose and treatment time. The dyeing quality of ozone bleached fabric in terms of colour difference (ÄL*, Äa*, Äb* and ÄE*) and wash fastness properties was almost similar to the reference.The ozone bleaching waterbath was also reused several times to bleach multiple lots of raw cotton fabric and results demonstrated that CIE whiteness (60) remained stable even at 20th reuse of same waterbath. This approach reduced the pollution load of effluent and saved water and chemicals.Since the efficiency of ozone bleaching process at pilot scale was not in parallel with its laboratory scale performance, various additives were used to enhance process efficiency. The best results in terms of whiteness (63.79), absorbency (10 sec) and strength of bleached fabric were achieved with an addition of 2 g/l of surfactant at optimal process conditions (ozone dose of 50 g/h, pH 5 and ozone treatment time of 45 min). However, other additives (peracetic acid and H2O2) did not show promising results.Dyed ozone bleached fabric samples were a bit lighter (ƒ¢L* > 0.4) than reference. The values of ƒ¢L*, ƒ¢a* and ƒ¢b* showed minor color difference between ozone bleached fabric and reference. However, total color difference values (ƒ¢E* = 0.13 . 1.06) were within acceptable limit (ƒ¢E*