Synthesis And Characterization Of Iron Oxides Nanoparticles For Biomedical Applications

The current studies deals with the science on atomic scale i.e. nanotechnology which is a multidisciplinary approach to nanoparticles.These particles were prepared in order to promote the quality of the human life.The diverse applications of magnetic particles of iron oxide established the potential of these particles, so the research in preparation refinement is needed for controlling geometric and other properties. Iron oxides nanoparticles such as magnetite, maghemite and hematite were prepared via different methods. Magnetite nanoparticles were prepared via the controlled modified chemical coprecipitation method using ferrous and ferric salt solutions in alkaline medium with(out) surfactant addition.The synthesized particles with a size range of 9–15 nm were prepared under non-oxidized environment.Magnetite nanoparticles have also been prepared via the oxidation of ferrous ions.The phase transformation of magnetite NPs to maghemite and hematite NPs under dry oxidation has been studied.The preparation of hematite has been prepared by modified sol-gel approach.The hematite NPs produced in this work were transformed to magnetite at 100 oC without reducing hematite by reducing agent such as H2. This transformation of hematite to magnetite NPs is imperative because one can get magnetite without the stream of H2 gas.The surface coating of iron oxide NPs was performed in two stages: (a) preparation of iron oxide NPs and (b) then coating of the prepared particles with silica. The surface coatings were performed by sol-gel route.The prepared coated particles are monodispersed and lower saturation magnetization than their bulk counterparts as well as their parent nanoproducts, so due to these improved properties they can be used for biomedical applications such as drug delivery and hyperthermia. The process parameters such as synthesis temperature, stirring rate, stirring time, pH of the reaction system and concentration of the precursors during the synthesis process were found to be crucial in controlling the size of the produced magnetite NPs. The relationship between synthesis parameters, crystal structure, particle size and size distribution of the produced NPs has been examined.The phase structures, elemental composition, morphologies, particle sizes and size distribution have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-rays spectrometry (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and BET surface area analyze