Transitional care for the highest risk patients: findings of a randomised control study

<strong>Background: </strong>Interventions to prevent readmissions of patients at highest risk have not been rigorously evaluated. We conducted a randomised controlled trial to determine if a post-discharge transitional care programme can reduce readmissions of such patients in Singapore. <strong>Methods: </strong>We randomised 840 patients with two or more unscheduled readmissions in the prior 90 days and Length of stay, Acuity of admission, Comorbidity of patient, Emergency department utilisation score ≥10 to the intervention programme (<span class="italic">n</span> = 419) or control (<span class="italic">n</span> = 421). Patients allocated to the intervention group received post-discharge surveillance by a multidisciplinary integrated care team and early review in the clinic. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with at least one unscheduled readmission within 30 days after discharge. <strong>Results: </strong>We found no statistically significant reduction in readmissions or emergency department visits in patients on the intervention group compared to usual care. However, patients in the intervention group reported greater patient satisfaction (<span class="italic">p</span> &lt; 0.001). <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Any beneficial effect of interventions initiated after discharge is small for high-risk patients with multiple comorbidity and complex care needs. Future transitional care interventions should focus on providing the entire cycle of care for such patients starting from time of admission to final transition to the primary care setting. <strong>Trial Registration: </strong><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/" target="_blank">Clinicaltrials.gov</a>, no <span class="underline">NCT02325752