Nitrogen dioxide observations from the Geostationary Trace gas and Aerosol Sensor Optimization (GeoTASO) airborne instrument: Retrieval algorithm and measurements during DISCOVER-AQ Texas 2013

The Geostationary Trace gas and Aerosol Sensor Optimization (GeoTASO) airborne instrument is a test bed for upcoming air quality satellite instruments that will measure backscattered ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared light from geostationary orbit. GeoTASO flew on the NASA Falcon aircraft in its first intensive field measurement campaign during the Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ) Earth Venture Mission over Houston, Texas, in September 2013. Measurements of backscattered solar radiation between 420 and 465 nm collected on 4 days during the campaign are used to determine slant column amounts of NO₂ at 250 m × 250 m spatial resolution with a fitting precision of 2.2 × 10¹⁵ molecules<mspace linebreak="nobreak" width="0.125em"/>cm⁻². These slant columns are converted to tropospheric NO₂ vertical columns using a radiative transfer model and trace gas profiles from the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. Total column NO₂ from GeoTASO is well correlated with ground-based Pandora observations (<i>r</i> = 0.90 on the most polluted and cloud-free day of measurements and <i>r</i> = 0.74 overall), with GeoTASO NO₂ slightly higher for the most polluted observations. Surface NO₂ mixing ratios inferred from GeoTASO using the CMAQ model show good correlation with NO₂ measured in situ at the surface during the campaign (<i>r</i> = 0.85). NO₂ slant columns from GeoTASO also agree well with preliminary retrievals from the GEO-CAPE Airborne Simulator (GCAS) which flew on the NASA King Air B200 (<i>r</i> = 0.81, slope = 0.91). Enhanced NO₂ is resolvable over areas of traffic NO_<i>x</i> emissions and near individual petrochemical facilities