Speciation and health risk assessment of arsenic in groundwater of Punjab, Pakistan
- Shakoor, M. B.
- Niazi, N. K.
- Bibi, I.
- Rahman, M. M.
- Naidu, R.
- Shahid, M.
- Nawaz, M. F.
- Arshad, M.
DOIAbstract
In this study, we examined the total and speciated Arsenic (As) concentrations and other drinking water quality parameters for unraveling the health risk of As from drinking water to humans. Groundwater samples (n = 62) were collected from three previously unexplored rural areas (Chichawatni, Vehari, Rahim Yar Khan) of Punjab, Pakistan. The As concentration in the groundwater samples ranged from <10–206 μg/L which was higher than the WHO safe limit of 10 μg/L. Arsenite (As(III)) constituted 13–67% of total As and arsenate (As(V)) ranged from 33–100% in the study area. For As health risk assessment, the hazard quotient (11–18 times) and cancer risk (46–600 times) values were found more than US-EPA recommended values. Various other water qual...
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