Data assimilation of satellite-retrieved ozone, carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide with ECMWF's Composition-IFS

Daily global analyses and 5-day forecasts are generated in the context of the European Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate (MACC) project using an extended version of the Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The IFS now includes modules for chemistry, deposition and emission of reactive gases, aerosols, and greenhouse gases, and the 4-dimensional variational data assimilation scheme makes use of multiple satellite observations of atmospheric composition in addition to meteorological observations. This paper describes the data assimilation setup of the new Composition-IFS (C-IFS) with respect to reactive gases and validates analysis fields of ozone (O₃), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for the year 2008 against independent observations and a control run without data assimilation. The largest improvement in CO by assimilation of Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) CO columns is seen in the lower troposphere of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) extratropics during winter, and during the South African biomass-burning season. The assimilation of several O₃ total column and stratospheric profile retrievals greatly improves the total column, stratospheric and upper tropospheric O₃ analysis fields relative to the control run. The impact on lower tropospheric ozone, which comes from the residual of the total column and stratospheric profile O₃ data, is smaller, but nevertheless there is some improvement particularly in the NH during winter and spring. The impact of the assimilation of tropospheric NO₂ columns from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) is small because of the short lifetime of NO₂, suggesting that NO₂ observations would be better used to adjust emissions instead of initial conditions. The results further indicate that the quality of the tropospheric analyses and of the stratospheric ozone analysis obtained with the C-IFS system has improved compared to the previous "coupled" model system of MACC