Lifestyle risk factors associated with age-related macular degeneration

AIM: To establish the frequency, associations and risk factors for age-related macular degeneration(AMD)in hospital population.<p>METHODS: In this hospital based study, 589 subjects above 60 years of age were screened randomly for AMD. Participants underwent ocular evaluation and were interviewed for lifestyle variables and dietary intake of carotenoids by structured food frequency questionnaire. AMD was defined according to the international classifications and grading system.<p>RESULTS:Either form of AMD was detected in 48 participants. AMD was significant among diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, body mass index, heavy cigarette smokers and alcoholics(<i>P</i><0.05). Dietary lutein/zeaxanthin(L/Z)and β-carotene intake were associated with the reduction in risk for AMD(<i>P</i><0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: Higher dietary intake of carotenoids, especially L/Z, is associated with lower risk for AMD. Risk of AMD is prevalent among subjects with diabetes. Cessation of smoking and alcohol may reduce the risk of AMD in this population