Urban Built-up Areas in Transitional Economies of Southeast Asia: Spatial Extent and Dynamics

Urban built-up area, one of the most important measures of an urban landscape, is an essential variable for understanding ecological and socioeconomic processes in urban systems. With an interest in urban development in transitional economies in Southeast Asia, we recognized a lack of high-to-medium resolution (<60 m) built-up information for countries in the region, including Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia and Myanmar. In this study, we combined multiple remote sensing data, including Landsat, DMSP/OLS night time light, MODIS NDVI data and other ancillary spatial data, to develop a 30-m resolution urban built-up map of 2010 for the above four countries. Following the trend analysis of the DMSP/OLS time series and the 2010 urban built-up extent, we also quantified the spatiotemporal dynamics of urban built-up areas from 1992 to 2010. Among the four countries, Vietnam had the highest proportion of urban built-up area (0.91%), followed by Myanmar (0.15%), Cambodia (0.12%) and Laos (0.09%). Vietnam was also the fastest in new built-up development (increased ~8.8-times during the 18-year study period), followed by Laos, Cambodia and Myanmar, which increased at 6.0-, 3.6- and 0.24-times, respectively