This thesis is dedicated to develop new solar cell architectures based on nanowires produced by a plasma-assisted Vapor Liquid Solid process. By optical modeling, detailed field and absorption profiles in the NW solar cells have been obtained and a 14 mA/cm2 matched photocurrent has been achieved for a-Si:H/µc-Si:H tandem solar cells. An electrical model for radial PN junction NW solar cells has also been developed from first principle rules, allowing a good understanding of the carrier transport. By analyzing step by step the SiNWs growth in a PECVD system we could propose a detailed explanation for the strong evolution of the NW density, morphology and crystallinity during growth. The rare hexagonal phase of Si has been observed in the as...