This thesis aims at developing innovative mathematical tools to improve cardiac electrophysiological modeling. A detailed presentation of the bidomain model - a system of reaction-diffusion equations - with a fixed domain is given based on the literature and we mathematically justify the homogenization process using the 2-scale convergence. Then, a study of the impact of the mechanical deformations in the conservation laws is performed using the mixture theory.As the atria walls are very thin and generally appear as thick surfaces in medical imaging, a dimensional reduction of the bidomain model in a thin domain to a surface-based formulation is studied. The challenge is crucial in terms of computational efficiency. Following similar strate...