History of African Neurology.

International audienceBackgroundThe History of African neurology is not well known.ObjectiveThrough this communication, our objective is to shed light on this barely History of African Neurology, which isvery exciting, rich and rapidly evolving. Its rapid evolution, over the last fifty years is the result of the evolvementof its youth and its training schools.Patients and Methods / Material and MethodsAt the very beginning, it was confused with the History of Tropical Neurology, until the awareness, around1950th, by the first neurologists, true pioneers, who worked in sub-Saharan Africa, that cultural andenvironmental factors conferred genuine specificity to African neurology.ResultsSince that time, African neurosciences has been structured and developed, contributing to the birth ofNeurological Societies in some African countries, then the Pan African Association of Neurological Sciences(PAANS), continental structure, which was the first major cluster of neurologists and neurosurgeons on thecontinent. In August 2015, the African Academy of Neurology (AfAN) was set up in Dakar, with the aim ofbringing together African Neurologists. This Academy, which was created thanks to the joint will of new pioneersand the World Federation of Neurology (WFN), allowed the recognition of neurology in the African continent,alongside other great regional Academies around the world.ConclusionAfrican neurosciences have emerged from the shadows, allowing, in particular, a deepening of the knowledge inneuroepidemiology and the role of socio-economic, ethnographic and cultural factors