Emissions from navigation and fishing including international bunkers Emissions from navigation and fishing including international : Quality assurance of emissions 1990-2010 for reporting to UNFCCC, NEC and CLRTAP

In this study, bottom-up estimates of emissions from domestic navigation and fish-ing have been produced. Also, fuel data in the Monthly fuel, gas and inventory statistics, used as activity data for estimating emissions from national navigation and international maritime bunkers has been analyzed. Data from other sources relating to these emissions from international bunkers has been explored and ana-lyzed. Conclusions National navigation, CRF 1A3d Given the completely different approaches and uncertainties that are included in models and emission factors, bottom-up estimates using Shipair seem to corre-spond quite well with estimates produced using fuel data from energy statistics. Results do not imply that there is an obvious need for revision of emissions report-ed to the UNFCCC. Fishing, CRF 1A4c The current model used produces slightly higher estimates than if using fuel data for 2007 from Swedish Board of Fisheries. Compared to bottom-up estimates using Shipair, the current model gives much higher estimates, estimates from Shipair being approximately one third. Since smaller fishing vessels are not obliged by law to have AIS transponders, one should expect the coverage of Shipair to be some-what limited. To give an estimate of how much the emissions are underestimated due to this fact, one would need to study the ship population more closely. It is also possible that the estimates for fishing based on fuel statistics are overestimated by the current model. However, since the only time series available is data on installed power for the Swedish fishing fleet used in the current model, we do not have enough information to judge whether the current time series is wrong. A revision of the time series is not possible with the current data situation. It is however clear that data should be updated and evaluated again coming years. Also, the estimates by the bottom-up approach will improve as the AIS-usage becomes more and more wide-spread, in time making it possible to perform a more complete independent validation. International bunkers, CRF 1C1b Data on international bunker fuel in the Monthly fuel, gas and inventory statistics has been found to be of excellent quality. As a consequence of that VAT is applied on national fuel consumption but not on international bunkers, all respondents to the survey are able to separate these fuel amounts with high accuracy. Fuels used for domestic and international navigation have been separated correctly and in line with IPCC Guidelines. Fluctuations in time series are to a large extent due to "spot sales". Occasional fluctuations in time series for international maritime bunkers 2 should be expected. The increasing trend is, in addition to driving forces such as amount of goods or tonnage of the fleet, due to acquired international customers and an expansion in the fleet of lighters. Various data from energy statistics, transport statistics, trade statistics and fuel price statistics have been found and could be used further if additional analysis is wanted. Recommendations National navigation, CRF 1A3d The current methodology should be used for reporting to the UNFCCC also in the future. Estimates using Shipair should preferably be updated for 2008-2010 and also for coming years, thus producing a time series that in due time will provide more information and verification of emissions reported to the UNFCCC. Fishing, CRF 1A4c The current methodology should be used for reporting to the UNFCCC also in submission 2012. Estimates using Shipair should preferably be updated for 2008- 2010 and also for coming years, thus producing a time series that in due time will provide more information and verification of emissions reported to the UNFCCC. The current methodology should be evaluated again when the next update of the national statistics on fishing is available. International bunkers, CRF 1C1b Current data is found to be of excellent quality and should be used also in the fu-ture for reporting to the UNFCCC