Demand response for renewable energy integration

Renewable energy sources are intermittent and not dispatchable. The increase in wind and solar power creates new demands in the regulation at different time scales. Here, two projects on demand response developed at Uppsala University are presented. Short term mismatches between production and consumption leads to deviations in the grid frequency. The contribution of cooling appliances in the frequency regulation has been studied. Electric Energy Time-shift requires some sort of energy storage with slow dynamics. HSLU in Switzerland is investigating the use of electric water heaters as a thermal energy storage system to balance wind power production. Uppsala University contributed with the analysis of hot water consumption profiles for system sizing