A high-coverage Neandertal genome from Vindija Cave in Croatia
- Prüfer, K.
- Filippo, C.
- Grote, S.
- Mafessoni, F.
- Korlevic, P.
- Hajdinjak, M.
- Vernot, B.
- Skov, L.
- Hsieh, P.
- Peyrégne, S.
- Reher, D.
- Hopfe, C.
- Nagel, S.
- Maricic, T.
- Fu, Q.
- Theunert, C.
- Rogers, R.
- Skoglund, P.
- Chintalapati, M.
- Dannemann, M.
- Nelson, B.
- Key, F.
- Rudan, P.
- Kucan, Ž.
- Gušic, I.
- Golovanova, L.
- Doronichev, V.
- Patterson, N.
- Reich, D.
- Eichler, E.
- Slatkin, M.
- Schierup, M.
- Andrés, A.
- Kelso, J.
- Meyer, M.
- Pääbo, S.
DOIAbstract
To date the only Neandertal genome that has been sequenced to high quality is from an individual found in Southern Siberia. We sequenced the genome of a female Neandertal from ~50 thousand years ago from Vindija Cave, Croatia to ~30-fold genomic coverage. She carried 1.6 differences per ten thousand base pairs between the two copies of her genome, fewer than present-day humans, suggesting that Neandertal populations were of small size. Our analyses indicate that she was more closely related to the Neandertals that mixed with the ancestors of present-day humans living outside of sub-Saharan Africa than the previously sequenced Neandertal from Siberia, allowing 10-20% more Neandertal DNA to be identified in present-day humans, including varia...
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