Antifungal activity of aqueous and organic extracts from Goldenrod

V magistrskem delu smo ugotavljali protiglivno delovanje izvlečkov treh vrst zlate rozge (Solidago). Ker je navadna zlata rozga (S. virgaurea) domorodna, ostali dve – kanadska zlata rozga (S. canadensis) in orjaška zlata rozga (S. gigantea) – pa sta invazivni tujerodni vrsti , so nas zanimale razlike v protiglivnem delovanju glede na njihov izvor, glede na uporabljeni rastlinski material (listi, socvetja) in način priprave izvlečkov (vodni, organski - 96 % etanol). Glive, ki smo jih v raziskavi uporabili, so bile Alternaria alternata, Alternaria infectoria, Aspergillus flavus, Aureobasidium pullulans, Botrytis cynerea, Epicoccum nigrum, Fusarium poae in Penicillium palitans. Za te vrste gliv smo se odločili, ker povzročajo škodo pri rastlinah, ki jih gojijo za prehrambene namene. Rast gliv na gojišču z izvlečki smo spremljali en teden in izmerili površino micelija. Izračunali smo delež rasti glede na kontrolni tretma brez dodanih izvlečkov. Ugotovili smo, da so organski izvlečki pri zaviranju rasti gliv enako učinkoviti kot vodni in da so listni izvlečki enako učinkoviti kot socvetni. Po občutljivosti na izvlečke zlatih rozg si glive sledijo v zaporedju: najbolj občutljiva je F. poae, nato E. nigurm, A. alternata, C. botrytis, A. pullulans, A. flavus, A. infectoria in najmanj P. palitans. Statistično pomembnih razlik v učinkovitosti med izvlečki treh vrst zlatih rozg ter listnimi in socvetnimi izvlečki nismo ugotovili.In this Master\u27s thesis we studied whether the extracts of the three goldenrod (Solidago) species have antifungal activity. Since the common goldenrod (S. virgaurea) is indigenous, and the other two – Canadian goldenrod (S. canadensis) and giant goldenrod (S. gigantea) are invasive alien species, we tested the differences in antifungal activity according to their origin and used plant material (leafs, inflorescence) and way of preparing extracts (aqueous, organic – 96 % ethanol). Fungi used in the study were: Alternaria alternata, Alternaria infectoria, Aspergillus flavus, Aureobasidium pullulans, Botrytis cynerea, Epicoccum nigrum, Fusarium poae and Penicillium palitans. We selected these species because of their negative effects on plants grown for food. After one week we measured the area of fungal mycelium and calculated the growth percentage according to the control. We found out that inhibition of fungal growth was similar when aqueous and organic extracts were applied. Also leaf extract caused similar effects as inflorescence extracts. According to the sensitivity to the extracts, the fungi followed the order: F. poae being the most sensitive, than E. nigurm, A. alternata, C. botrytis, A. pullulans, A. infectoria and P. palitans as the least sensitive. The differences in efficiency of the extracts of the leaf and inflorescence extracts of three goldenrod species were not significant