An Economic Analysis of the Penalty Clause

Magistrsko delo predstavlja ekonomsko analizo instituta pogodbene kazni. Gre za ekonomsko učinkovit institut, kjer se lahko pogodbene stranke vnaprej dogovorijo koliko bo znašala višina odškodnine za primer nepravilne izpolnitve pogodbe in s takšnim dogovorom znižajo vrsto kasnejših stroškov, ki nastanejo ob kršitvi pogodbe. Magistrsko delo podrobneje predstavlja razliko med pogodbeno kaznijo v anglosaških pravnih sistemih in civilnih pravnih sistemih s poudarkom na državah ZDA, Kanade in Anglije ter Nemčije in Slovenije. Pri tem zgodovinska in primerjalno pravna metodo služita kot pripomoček za ugotovitve in nadaljnjo ekonomsko analiziranje pogodbene kazni. Magistrsko delo temelji tudi na ekonomski analizi domače in tuje sodne prakse. Delo ugotavlja, da v anglosaških pravnih sistemih pogodbena kazen ni dovoljena, ampak le pavšalna odškodnina, pri čemer je s strani stroke in vede ekonomske analize prava podanih kar nekaj utemeljenih kritik. Po podrobni ekonomski analizi pogodbene kazni v različnih pravnih sistemih ter ekonomski analizi možnosti naknadnega zmanjševanja pogodbene kazni s strani sodišča in s tem možnosti interveniranja tretje strani v pogodbeno svobodo strank, se v magistrskem delu ugotovi, da med civilnimi sistemi in anglosaškimi pravnimi sistemi pravzaprav ni tako velike razlike, kot izgleda na prvi pogled. Skupni ekonomski učinki so na koncu podobni. V magistrskem delu se na podlagi ekonomske analize prava predlaga zmanjšanje možnosti poseganja tretje strani (sodišča) v pogodbeno svobodo strank pri dogovoru o pogodbeni kazni ter ugotavlja utemeljenost ekonomskih in pravnih argumentov za uveljavitev pogodbene kazni tudi v anglosaških pravnih sistemih.The master\u27s thesis represents the economic analysis of the penalty clause institute. It is an economically efficient institute where contracting parties can agree in advance on the amount of compensation in case of improper fulfillment of the contract and, with such an agreement contracting party reduce various potential subsequent costs. The master\u27s thesis also presents the difference between penalty clause in common law systems and civil law systems with emphasis on the countries of the USA, Canada, England, Germany and Slovenia. The historical and comparative legal method serves as a basis for facilitating economic analysis of the penalty clause. The master\u27s thesis also include economic analyzes of the case law. The paper concludes that common law systems do not allow penalty clause, but merely liquidated damages, where some substantiated criticisms are given from the economic analysis of the law. After a detailed economic analysis of the penalty clause in different law systems and economic analysis of the possibility of a subsequent reduction of the penalty clause by the court, and thus the third party\u27s intervention in the contractual freedom, the master\u27s part finds that there is not such a big difference between civil systems and common law systems, as it seems at first glance. The overall economic effects are similar in the end. The master\u27s thesis, on the basis of economic analysis of law, suggested reducing the possibility of interfering in the contractual freedom by the third party (court), and finding out the economic and legal arguments for the enforcement of penalty clause in common law systems as well