Self-observation versus flooding in the treatment of agoraphobia

The effects on agoraphobia of (1) self-observation with a minimum of therapeutic intervention. (2) flooding, (3) a combination of flooding and self-observation, and (4) no-treatment control were compared. Assessments were made at the beginning of treatment, during and at the end of treatment and at the follow-up three months later. They were carried out by the therapist (in vivo) measurement; phobic anxiety and phobic avoidance scale) by an independent observer (phobic anxiety scale and phobic avoidance scale) and by the client (phobic anxiety scale; phobic avoidance scale: FSS; social anxiety scale; SDS and I-E scale). Self-observation, flooding and flooding/self-observation resulted in significant improvement on several variables, whereas the no-treatment control group did not improve. No difference in effectiveness was found between the self-observation and flooding treatments. In addition, the results suggest that a combined flooding/self-observation treatment is more effective than each of the individual treatments