Specifying the effects of physician's communication on patients’ outcomes: a randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To experimentally test the effects of physician's affect-oriented communication and inducing expectations on outcomes in patients with menstrual pain. Methods: Using a 2 × 2 RCT design, four videotaped simulated medical consultations were used, depicting a physician and a patient with menstrual pain. In the videos, two elements of physician's communication were manipulated: (1) affect-oriented communication (positive: warm, emphatic; versus negative: cold, formal), and (2) outcome expectation induction (positive versus uncertain). Participants (293 women with menstrual pain), acting as analogue patients, viewed one of the four videos. Pre- and post video participants’ outcomes (anxiety, mood, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and satisfaction) were assessed. Results: Positive affect-oriented communication reduced anxiety (p < 0.001), negative mood (p = 0.001), and increased satisfaction (p < 0.001) compared to negative affect-oriented communication. Positive expectations increased feelings of self-efficacy (p < 0.001) and outcome expectancies (p < 0.001), compared to uncertain expectations, but did not reduce anxiety. The combination of positive affect-oriented communication and a positive expectation reduced anxiety (p = 0.02), increased outcome expectancies (p = 0.01) and satisfaction (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Being empathic and inducing positive expectations have distinct and combined effects, demonstrating that both are needed to influence patients’ outcomes for the best. Practice implications: Continued medical training is needed to harness placebo-effects of medical communication into practice. (aut. ref.