Indices of Social Development

Social development is about putting people at the centre of development. Since the 1990s there has been growing recognition that social development is critical for broader development outcomes, including sustainable economic growth. But until now, data limitations have hindered international comparative research capable of showing weaknesses and strengths across countries, as well as the links between social development and other development outcomes. The Indices of Social Development (ISD) hosted by the International Institute of Social Studies (ISS) has the potential to change this. It brings together 200 indicators, synthesising them into a usable set of measures to track how different societies perform along six dimensions of social development: • Civic Activism, measuring use of media and protest behaviour • Clubs and Associations, defined as membership in local voluntary associations • Intergroup Cohesion, which measures ethnic and sectarian tensions, and discrimination • Interpersonal Safety and Trust, focusing on perceptions and incidences of crime and personal transgressions • Gender Equality, reflecting gender discrimination in home, work and public life. • Inclusion of Minorities, measures levels of discrimination against vulnerable groups such as indigenous peoples, migrants, refugees, or lower caste groups. The indices are composed from 25 reputable data sources for 193 countries, over the period from 1990 to 2010, and are updated as new data become available. The indices are aggregated using the innovative method of ‘matching percentiles’. The results reveal the achievements and challenges facing societies across the world: from the richness of community life in Sub-Saharan Africa, to the high levels of personal safety and security in the Persian Gulf, to violence in the Caribbean. And we can monitor improvement over time: the growth of civic engagement in Eastern Europe, gender empowerment in the Middle East, or inclusion of minorities in Southern Africa. The indicators show that while economic and social development are closely correlated, many high income societies continue to face problems of discrimination and exclusion, while some developing countries have overcome these challenges. The indices allow estimating the effects of social development for a large range of countries on indicators like economic growth, human development, and governance