Overexpression of transforming growth factor-α and epidermal growth factor receptor, but not epidermal growth factor, in exocrine pancreatic tumours in hamsters

Using immunohistochemistry, Northern blotting and a semi-quantitative PCR technique, epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression were studied in the pancreas of N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)-amine (BOP)-treated hamsters. After initiation pancreatic carcinogenesis was modulated by a high fat diet or by injections with the cholecystokinin analogue caerulein. Autopsies were performed 6 and 12 months after the last injection with BOP. Immunohistochemistry revealed a weak expression of TGF-α in normal acinar cells and a stronger expression in ductular and centro-acinar cells. Overexpression of TGF-α was observed in advanced putative preneoplastic lesions (classified as borderline lesions) and in ductular adenocarcinomas. EGFR immunoreactivity was present only in ductular adenocarcinomas. EGF peptide expression was observed both in acinar and ductular normal and tumorous cells and the level of expression did not change significantly during carcinogenesis. Moreover, the post-initiation treatments did not cause differences in EGF, TGF-α or EGFR peptide or mRNA levels, except for a significantly lower expression of TGF-α mRNA in hamsters fed a high fat diet when compared with those fed a low fat diet. TGF-α mRNA levels increased, whereas EGF mRNA levels decreased significantly in total pancreatic homogenates of BOP-treated hamsters in comparison with untreated controls. Also, in ductular adenocarcinomas TGF-α and EGFR (but not EGF) mRNA levels were significantly higher than in normal pancreatic homogenates. In pancreatic homogenates obtained 6 months after the last BOP injection, these differences were less pronounced in comparison with those obtained after 12 months. The present results indicate that TGF-α (but not EGF) might act in a paracrine or autocrine manner in pancreatic tumours in BOP-treated hamsters via simultaneously expressed EGFR. However, TGF-α, EGF and EGFR do not seem to be involved in the modulating effects of a high fat diet or caerulein treatment on pancreatic carcinogenesis in BOP-treated hamsters