Operational Analysis on Torpedo Defence

Surface vessels and submarines must be able to defend themselves against a torpedo attack. Self-defence can be approached as a modular concept. The first module involves 'Detection, Classification and Localisation (DCL)'. DCL triggers the second module: the 'evaluator'. This module starts the last module: 'reactor or effector'. This module launches countermeasures which may consist of soft-kill measures (evasive manoeuvring, decoys and/or jammers) or hardkill measures (a weapon system designed to take out the threat physically e.g. an anti-torpedo torped