Patterns of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Inhibitors during Typhoid Fever

Keuter, Monique
Dharmana, Edi
Gasem, M. Hussein
van der Ven-Jongekrijg, Johanna
Djokomoeljanto, Robert
Dolmans, Wil M. V.
Demacker, Pierre
Sauerwein, Robert
Gallati, Harald
van der Meer, Jos W. M.

Publication date

August 2017

Abstract

Cytokines and inhibitors in plasma were measured in 44 patients with typhoid fever. Ex vivo production of the cytokines was analyzed in a whole blood culture system with and without lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Acute phase circulating concentrations of cytokines (±SD) were as follows: interleukin (IL)-Iβ, <140 pg/mL; tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFa), 130 ± 50 pg/mL; IL-6, 96 ± 131 pg/mL; and IL-8, 278 ± 293 pg/mL. Circulating inhibitors were elevated in the acute phase: IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) was 2304 ± 1427 pg/mL and soluble TNF receptors 55 and 75 were 4973 ± 2644 pg/mL and 22,865 ± 15,143 pg/mL, respectively. LPS-stimulated production of cytokines was lower during the acute phase than during convalescence (mean values: IL-Iβ, 2547 ...