POLITENESS IN ENGLISH THROUGH CONVENTIONAL AND NON-CONVENTIONAL REQUEST

This research entitled “Politeness in English Through Conventional and Non-Conventional Request” is aimed to analyze metaphors used in Charles Dickens’ Novel A Tale of Two Cities. This research was a descriptive statistics qualitative and quantitative research. The object of this study is metaphors used in Charles Dickens’ novel A Tale of Two Cities. To collect the data, the researcher uses noting technique as a basic technique. The instruments use observation checklist and reading Charles Dickens’ novel A Tale of Two Cities. It was found that there are 18 types of metaphor in Charles Dickens’ novel A Tale of Two Cities, they are nominal metaphor, predicative metaphor, sentential metaphor, mixed metaphor, dead metaphor, extended metaphor, absolute metaphor, implicit metaphor, dormant metaphor, synecdoche metaphor, root metaphor, active metaphor, submerge metaphor, conceptual metaphor, dying metaphor, pataphor, complex metaphor, and compound metaphor. In this study the most frequency used metaphor is mixed metaphor (18%). It is followed by dead metaphor (12%), dormant metaphor (10%), complex metaphor (9%), submerge metaphor (6%), nominal metaphor (5%), active metaphor (5%), absolute metaphor (5%), conceptual metaphor (5%), predicative metaphor (4%), pataphor (4%), implicit metaphor (3%), sentential metaphor (3%), synecdoche metaphor (3%), root metaphor (3%), compound metaphor (2%), extended metaphor (%), and dying metaphor (1%). In this research, the writer found out that the functions of metaphor on Charles Dickens’ novel A Tale of Two Cities are to allow the readers to experience the language with new understanding and share feelings, experiences, and vision with the novel, the function of metaphor as purely artistic, and to allow the reader greater understanding of the concept, object, or character being described. Keywords: Pragmatics, Metaphor, Charles Dickens, Nove