Public morality as an object of criminal law protection in 19th and 20th century

Javna morala je širok pojem, ki ga lahko vsak posameznik napolni z njemu lastnimi vrednotami in ideali. Pomembno pri tem pa je, da teh vrednot in idealov ne vsiljujemo drugim, če drugi z drugačnim ravnanjem ne škodujejo družbi. Šele če nekdo drugemu povzroči škodo, je na mestu, da z javnim zgražanjem izrazimo svoje nestrinjanje in zahtevamo pravno ureditev določenih ravnanj. Morala vpliva na sprejemanje pravil v kazenskem pravu, hkrati pa tako sprejeta pravila varujejo ravno tista moralna načela, ki so jih pomagala vzpostaviti. Morala in kazensko pravo se torej ves čas prepletata in skupaj razvijata, tudi na področju kazenskih sankcij. V sodobnem času je zelo redko v zakonu določen sam pojem »morala« kot objekt kazenskopravnega varstva. Toda moralne vrednote predstavljajo tako vredni cilj, da jih kazensko pravo varuje v okviru posameznih dobrin, kot so zakonska zveza, družina, nemoteni razvoj otroka in druge. Za začetek razvoja moralne zavesti so imele zaslužno vlogo antične kulture, toda kmalu je koncept prišel pod okrilje Cerkve. Ta je moralne vrednote razvila po svojih merilih in pri tem je ostalo dolga stoletja. Najbolj varovana vrednota je bila družina in reprodukcija, zato so kot glavno nemoralno dejanje, ki je kot tako ostalo vsaj do 20. stoletja, izpostavili homoseksualnost. Danes načeloma velja, da je prav, da določena ravnanja, kot sta homoseksualnost in prostitucija, niso predmet javne morale in niso kazniva.Public morality is a broad concept, which includes certain individual values and ideals. It is vital that we do not force our values and ideals upon others, if they do not harm the society with their own doings. Only if harm arises it is upon us to express our disagreement with public outcry and demand legal regulation of certain acts. Morality has effect on establishing rules in criminal law, and at the same time the adopted rules protect precisely those moral principles that have helped them to establish. Morality and criminal law are thus intertwined and developed together, even in the area of criminal sanctions. In modern times »morality« as such is rarely guarded by criminal law. But moral values represent such a valuable goalthey are legally enforced through commodities like marriage, family, undisturbed development of a child and others. Ancient cultures had key role in developing concept of moral conscience. Soon concept was adopted by Christianity. These moral values have evolved according to their criteria and have remained for many centuries. The most protected value was family and reproduction, and therefore, as the main immoral act, which remained as such at least until the 20th century, is homosexuality. These days certain practices such as homosexuality and prostitution are not subject to public morality and are not punishable