Muslim population in Europe

Muslimani so privrženci islama, monoteistične religije, ki je nastala v 7. stoletju v Arabiji. Ustanovitelj islama je prerok Mohamed, ki je v letih od 613 do 619 n. št. v Meki začel pridigati o novi religiji. Svoje privržence je najprej našel v arabskih beduinskih plemenih in tako ustanovil prvo muslimansko skupnost – umo, kasneje pa se je nova religija začela bodisi z vojaškimi zmagami ali taktičnimi prepričevanji širiti po celotnem Arabskem polotoku. V času prvih kalifatov so se muslimani razširili na območje Sirije, Palestine, Iraka in Severne Afrike ter med vladanjem Omajadov in Abasidov prišli v Španijo in kasneje še na Balkanski polotok ter počasi širili svojo vero tudi po evropskem kontinentu. V 20. stoletju so se pripadniki muslimanske vere – tokrat ne po verskem, temveč po državljanskem načelu – začeli preseljevati v evropske države. Najprej kot ekonomski migranti v nekdanje kolonialne države, kasneje kot ekonomski migranti v razvite industrijske države, v zadnjem obdobju pa tudi kot politični emigranti. Posledica priseljevanj muslimanskega prebivalstva v Evropo je pojav multikulturalizma, segregacije, socialnih in kulturnih napetosti med avtohtonim prebivalstvom in priseljenci, pa tudi prepletanja muslimanske kulture z evropsko.Muslims are followers of Islam, a monoteistic religion that emerged in 7th century in Arabia. Its founder is prophet Muhammad, who started to preach about the new religion in years from 613 to 619 AD in Mecca. He first found his followers in Arab Bedouin tribes and thus established the first Muslim community - ummah, but later, the new religion began to spread either through military victories or by tactical pearsuasion thoughout the Arabian Peninsula. During first caliphates, the Muslims thus expanded to the areas of Syria, Palestine, Iraq and North Africa, and during the reign of Ummayad and Abbasids also to Spain and later on to the Balkan Peninsula, and slowly spread their religion across the European continent as well. In 20th century, the members of Muslim religion began to migrate to European countries, alhough this time not by religious, but by the civic principle. They migrated first as economic migrants into former colonial countries, later as economic migrants to the developed countries, and in the last period also as political emigrants. The consequence of the immigration of Muslim population in Europe is the emergence of multiculturalism, segregation, social and cultural tensions between indigenous people and immigrants, as well as interweawing of Muslim culture with the European