Alliance strategies are usually presented as a way to access resources a firm doesn’t own. Combined with the internal resources of the firm, these network resources create value to develop its competitive advantage. Other determinants of these strategies exist (economies of scale, learning, etc.), but each time resources can be used as a theoretical framework. Developing alliances would therefore mean developing a strategy that consists in combining different resources. But recent studies have shown that analyzing alliances only in terms of resources was simplistic. Other elements can be combined and it is important to understand their specificities. Playing with the units and the levels of analysis and using the concept of combination as a...