Uji fitokimia dan uji toksisitas ekstrak etanol tanaman kesembukan (Paederia foetida Linn.) dengan metode brine shrimp lethality test

Kesembukan plant (Paederia foetida L.) is one of the plants from the Rubiaceae tribe which has been used by the people to cure thrush, fever, blown, high blood pressure, arthritis and herpes. The purposes of this research are to determine the level of toxicity of each Kesembukan plant extracts against the Artemia salina L. and to find the content of the compounds contained in each Kesembukan plant extract. The research was conducted by extracting the sample using ethanol, chloroform and n-hexane. The concentrated extract was used to test the toxicity of Artemia salina L. using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test method (Meyer, et al., 1982) and phytochemicals with reagents. Compounds from phytochemical test results were identified using thin layer chromatography with the eluents to find out the best eluent. The mortality data of Artemia salina L. were analyzed by probit analysis to find LC50 values of each extract. The results of this research show that each extract of Kesembukan plant (Paederia foetida L.) has the level of toxicity against Artemia salina L. with LC50 values indicated less than 1000 ppm. LC50 values of each extract ethanol, chloroform and n-hexane was 226,787; 482,014, and 146,181 ppm. Content of compounds from phytochemical test result using the reagent for each Kesembukan plant extract are the class of steroid compound.The best eluent for the separation of steroid compound in ethanol extract is n-hexane: ethyl acetate (8:2) with thevalues of Rf = 0.22 and 0.48 and for chloroform extract is n-hexane: ethyl acetate (7:3) with the values of Rf = 0.32; 0.45; 0.59; 0.63; 0.82; 0.85; 0.87 and 0.94 and for n-hexane extract is n-hexane: ethyl acetate (8:2) with the values of Rf = 0.12; 0.38 and 0.41