Protein tyrosine nitration in higher plants grown under natural and stress conditions

Protein tyrosine nitration is a post-translational modification (PTM) mediated by reactive nitrogen species (RNS) that is linked to nitro-oxidative damages in plant cells. During the last decade, the identification of proteins undergoing this PTM under adverse environmental conditions has increased. However, there is also a basal endogenous nitration which seems to have a regulatory function. The technological advances in proteome analysis have allowed identifying these modified proteins and have shown that the number and identity of the nitrated proteins change among plant species, analysed organs and growing/culture conditions. In this work, the current knowledge of protein tyrosine nitration in higher plants under different situations is reviewed.Work in our laboratories has been supported by ERDF-cofinanced grants from the Ministry of Science and Innovation (BIO2009-12003-C02-01 and BIO2009-12003-C02-02, AGL2011-26044, and ACI2009-0860) and Junta de Andalucía (project AGR-6374, groups BIO192 and BIO286), Spain.Peer Reviewe