La erradicación del trabajo infantil y el respeto a los derechos de los niños, niñas y adolescentes, como factores de desarrollo local en la parroquia de Pacto, cantón Quito

This research focuses on the study and analysis of the work done by children and adolescents in the rural parish of the Covenant, and the impact that work has on the overall development of children and the parish development. Therefore we start with a narrative description of the geographic, environmental, social, demographic, economic, organizational and cultural conditions that characterize this parish northwest of Quito. Once placed in the territorial and social scenario, we present a summary of the main theoretical currents, that is positions and debates about child labor and its eradication as a fundamental principle of respect for the rights of children and teens. This conceptual debate we realize that child labor is not a recent problem, and despite the amount of theoretical work, made from the Academy, as well as public and private institutions, both nationally and internationally, yet the information is scarce. Within the conceptual debate identify with that position that defines child labor as any activity that deprives children and adolescents, their innocence, their potential, their dignity, and that is harmful to their physical and psychological development. Thus, we refer to the work that is dangerous and harmful to the physical, mental or moral welfare of the child; and interferes with their schooling because it takes away the possibility of being and feeling child; forced him to leave school prematurely, or requires combine study with a heavy task. This work also makes a journey through several decades to account for the major policy efforts made by the international community and by our own governments, with two main purposes. The first change our conception of the child as an object of protection, to consider the subject of rights and the second purpose, which is the eradication of child labor in our territories. We present a contribution of statistics result of surveys and interviews on the situation of children of the Covenant and in turn, the vision that the adults in this sector have about the work of their children, their students, their constituencies and their employees. Moreover, we believe that the wealth of research is found in the stories, anecdotes and transcribed experiences, the people of the Covenant and its authorities, who are the real protagonists of this work, the same as in sum, is intended as an invitation to reflect about the 8 value of our children and adolescents and the conviction that respect their rights should be a daily exercise and set State - society.La presente investigación se centra en el estudio y análisis del trabajo que realizan los niños, niñas y adolescentes, de la Parroquia rural de Pacto, y el impacto que dicho trabajo tiene en el desarrollo integral de los niños y el desarrollo Parroquial. Por lo cual partimos de una narración descriptiva de las condiciones geográficas, ambientales, sociales, demográficas políticas, económicas, organizativas y culturales que caracterizan a esta Parroquia del noroccidente de Quito. Una vez colocados en el escenario territorial y social, pasamos a presentar una síntesis de las principales posiciones y debates en torno al Trabajo Infantil y su erradicación como principio fundamental del respeto a los derechos de los niños, niñas y adolescentes. Este debate conceptual nos da cuenta que el Trabajo Infantil no es una problemática reciente, y que pese a la cantidad de trabajos de carácter teórico, realizados desde la Academia, así como de instituciones públicas y privadas, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional, aún la información sigue escasa. Presentamos un aporte de datos estadísticos fruto de las encuestas y entrevistas realizadas, sobre la situación de la niñez de Pacto y a su vez, la visión que los adultos de ese sector tienen acerca del trabajo que realizan sus hijos, sus estudiantes, sus administrados y sus empleados. Consideramos que la riqueza de la investigación se descubre en las narraciones, anécdotas y vivencias transcritas, de los habitantes de Pacto y sus Autoridades, quienes son los verdaderos protagonistas de este trabajo, el mismo que en suma, pretende ser una invitación a reflexionar acerca del valor de nuestros niños, niñas y adolescentes y la convicción de que respetar sus derechos debe ser un ejercicio diario y conjunto Estado – sociedad