Methodology of solving economic and environmental protection problems in wood industry companies

Ohranitev in varovanje okolja je eden največjih izzivov, ki si jih je svet zadal za naslednje desetletje. Za uresničitev ciljev okolju prijaznega gospodarskega razvoja potrebujemo dinamična, prilagodljiva in rentabilna podjetja ter pripravljenost spopasti se z ekološkimi izzivi. Ker tudi lesna industrija sodi med nezanemarljive onesnaževalce okolja, postajajo odločitve za okolju prijazno proizvodnjo in okoljsko sprejemljive izdelke, poleg že obstoječih ekonomskih kriterijev, nujnost in eden izmed zelo pomembnih strateških ciljev lesne industrije. Težave nastopijo, ker v ekološkem sistemu nimamo le parametrov, podanih z numeri~nimi spremenljivkami, temveč tudi take,ki temeljijo na subjektivnih ocenah in vrednostnih sodbah in jih je težko opisati z absolutnimi vrednostmi. Izbira optimalnih ekonomsko-ekoloških odločitev v lesnoindustrijskih podjetjih pa je še toliko bolj zapleten in zahteven proces, ker so cilji običajno v medsebojnem konfliktu. Članek prikazuje metodologijo za ugotavljanje obstoječega ekološkega stanja v lesnoindustrijskih sistemih in izbiro optimalnih odločitev pri upravljanju z njimi glede na ekonomsko-ekološke kriterije.Conservation and environmental protection are among the major world challengesin the next decade. To achieve the objectives of environment-friendly economic development, dynamic, flexible and profitable companies are needed, willing to deal with ecological issues. Since the wood industry contributes significantly to environmental pollution, it has become increasingly necessary to implement environment-friendly production, in addition to existing economic criteria. This is one of the very important strategic goals of the wood industry. There are problems however, since in ecological systems not only parameters defined by numerical variables are at play, but also subjective assessments and value judgments, which are difficultto define in absolute values. Finding optimal economic and ecologicalsolutions in the wood industry is an even more complex and demandingprocess, because mutually conflicting goals are usually involved. In this paper a methodology is developed for diagnosing the existing ecological state in wood industry systems, as well as finding the optimal solution with regard to their management, taking into consideration economic and ecological criteria