Investigating the causal effect of smoking on hay fever and asthma : a Mendelian randomization meta-analysis in the CARTA consortiumn
- Skaaby, Tea
- Taylor, Amy E.
- Jacobsen, Rikke K.
- Paternoster, Lavinia
- Thuesen, Betina H.
- Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S.
- Larsen, Sofus C.
- Zhou, Ang
- Wong, Andrew
- Gabrielsen, Maiken E.
- Bjorngaard, Johan H.
- Flexeder, Claudia
- Mannisto, Satu
- Hardy, Rebecca
- Kuh, Diana
- Barry, Sarah J.
- Mollehave, Line Tang
- Cerqueira, Charlotte
- Friedrich, Nele
- Bonten, Tobias N.
- Noordam, Raymond
- Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O.
- Taube, Christian
- Jessen, Leon E.
- McConnachie, Alex
- Sattar, Naveed
- Upton, Mark N.
- McSharry, Charles
- Bonnelykke, Klaus
- Bisgaard, Hans
- Schulz, Holger
- Strauch, Konstantin
- Meitinger, Thomas
- Peters, Annette
- Grallert, Harald
- Nohr, Ellen A.
- Kivimaki, Mika
- Kumari, Meena
- Voelker, Uwe
- Nauck, Matthias
- Voeizke, Henry
- Power, Chris
- Hypponen, Elina
- Hansen, Torben
- Jorgensen, Torben
- Pedersen, Oluf
- Salomaa, Veikko
- Grarup, Niels
- Langhammer, Arnulf
- Romundstad, Pal R.
- Skorpen, Frank
- Kaprio, Jaakko
- Munafo, Marcus R.
- Linneberg, Allan
DOIAbstract
Observational studies on smoking and risk of hay fever and asthma have shown inconsistent results. However, observational studies may be biased by confounding and reverse causation. Mendelian randomization uses genetic variants as markers of exposures to examine causal effects. We examined the causal effect of smoking on hay fever and asthma by using the smoking-associated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs16969968/rs1051730. We included 231,020 participants from 22 population-based studies. Observational analyses showed that current vs never smokers had lower risk of hay fever (odds ratio (OR) = 0.68, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.61, 0.76; P <0.001) and allergic sensitization (OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.64, 0.86; P <0.001), but similar a...
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