Multiple ionization effects in M X-ray emission induced by heavy ions

<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 22px; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248);">M-shell ionization of tungsten by Ar12+ ions were investigated in the energy range of 1.2-3.0 MeV. The measurements were also implemented for H, He and Xe ions as a comparative study. A significant shift of the M X-ray lines to the higher energy side caused by multiple ionizations, which was verified by the analysis of the intensity ratios of M-gamma and M-alpha beta, was observed. The total experimental cross sections of tungsten were compared with the PWBA and ECPSSR theoretical predictions, which are based on two extreme assumptions, namely, single ionization and full ionization. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.