Examining the Related Anatomical Structures of the Dorsogluteal and Ventrogluteal Sites for Safe Administration of Intramuscular Injections in Practice

Background: Intramuscular injections are amongst the most frequent treatment modalities in clinical practice. There are numerous reports in current literature of incorrect administration resulting in complications, with little evidence as to which site, the dorsogluteal or ventrogluteal, is more effective in safely delivering medication. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the underlying anatomical structures of the two regions in the buttocks and determine which is safer for intramuscular injections. Furthermore, it sought to encourage a shift towards evidence-based practice in the nursing discipline. Methods: This study was conducted on 4 formaldehyde-embalmed cadavers. Both left and right buttocks were dissected, the dorsogluteal and ventrogluteal injection sites were identified and the morphology of the underlying neurovascular structures were observed. Results: The dorsogluteal site presents a risk of complications occurring during the injection procedure, attributable to the sciatic nerve and superior gluteal artery lying in this region. The ventrogluteal site is located further from any neurovascular structures and so poses less risk of injury. Conclusions: The ventrogluteal site is the recommended site for intramuscular injections. An understanding of anatomy surrounding the injection sites, in conjunction with up-to-date guidelines based on evidence must be accessible for nurses to make the best decision for patients