Les coûts de production de vins d'AOC en Bourgogne

The characteristics of the production process of wine in Burgundy are the small size of the viticultural holdings and the fact that each vine-grower cultivates several patches in different villages, which permits them to produce wines belonging to one of the four hierarchical levels in the "guaranteed vintage" system (AOC). Such an organization incites to define the concept of "vintage portfolio" associated with each viticultural holding.The aim of our paper is to verify if the behaviour of the vine- growers leads them to have production costs (here the cost of grapes) that depend on the one hand on their vintage portfolio and on the other hand on their stategy. Concerning this last element, we distinguish the technical aspects measured by the average yield of patches and the commercial aspects apprehended by the engagement of the vine-grovers in the direct sale of wine in bottles from the domain.Some explorative results are obtained by using a survey data issued from 30 domains for 1994. These results corroborate the above hypothesis but reveal a strong heterogeneity of behaviours that have to be precised and specified by exploiting a second survey in a new production area in Burgundy.Le système de production du vin en Bourgogne est caractérisé par des propriétés de petites tailles, chaque viticulteur exploitant plusieurs parcelles de plusieurs villages associées à l'une des AOC classées selon 4 niveaux hiérarchiques. Cette organisation nous amène a définir le concept de "portefeuille d'appellations" attache à chaque exploitation. L'objectif de la réflexion est de vérifier si les comportements des viticulteurs les conduisent à avoir des couts de production (ici le coût du raisin sur pied) qui dépendent d'une part de leur portefeuille d'appellations et d'autre part de leur politique stratégique appréhendée au niveau technique par le rendement moyen ou la politique de rendement, et au niveau commercial par leur engagement dans la vente directe en bouteilles à la propriété. Quelques résultats exploratoires sont tires de l'utilisation de données d'enquêtes obtenues pour 1994 auprès de 30 viticulteurs représentant les différentes situations des exploitations dans la zone étudiée. Ils corroborent l'hypothèse faite, mais font apparaître de fortes hétérogénéités de comportements qui doivent être analysées et spécifiées sur la base d'une deuxième enquête faite pour une nouvelle zone de production en Bourgogne. (EN) The characteristics of the production process of wine in Burgundy are the small size of the viticultural holdings and the fact that each vine-grower cultivates several patches in different villages, which permits them to produce wines belonging to one of the four hierarchical levels in the "guaranteed vintage" system (AOC). Such an organization incites to define the concept of "vintage portfolio" associated with each viticultural holding. The aim of our paper is to verify if the behaviour of the vinegrowers leads them to have production costs (here the cost of grapes) that depend on the one hand on their vintage portfolio and on the other hand on their stategy. Concerning this last element, we distinguish the technical aspects measured by the average yield of patches and the commercial aspects apprehended by the engagement of the vine-grovers in the direct sale of wine in bottles from the domain. Some explorative results are obtained by using a survey data issued from 30 domains for 1994. These results corroborate the above hypothesis but reveal a strong heterogeneity of behaviours that have to be precised and specified by exploiting a second survey in a new production area in Burgundy